Core Thoughts

Associative Memory refers to the way our brains form connections between different stimuli or pieces of information. For example, smelling lavender might trigger a memory of a childhood home. It’s a rapid, reflex-like process.

Cognitive Memory is broader, encompassing the mental processes of perception, logic, and reasoning. It involves encoding, storage, and retrieval of information in a more deliberate, step-by-step way.

Practical Note: In auditions, excessive cognitive analysis can slow you down. Lean on associative memory(quick connections, emotional triggers) to respond more authentically on short notice.

A state of existence where you are fully engaged with the here and now—unselfconscious and not “watching yourself.” It is not something you try to achieve; it often arises naturally when you drop all self-awareness and simply respond moment to moment.

Practical Note: Overthinking can block presence. Let yourself be surprised by what’s unfolding, rather than trying to “stay present.”

When moving from one emotional state or scene to another, take a conscious breath to “bridge” the shift. This subtle pause and inhale/exhale can reset your body and cue an internal pivot in mood, thought, or action.

Practical Note: A deliberate breath helps you drop any residue from the previous moment and enter the next with fresh energy.

Essentially the sum of responses to given conditions and circumstances. We know a character by what they do, think, and say, and by the timing or rhythm of these responses.

Practical Note: You don’t “play” a condition; you simply respond to it. The audience infers who your character is by watching how you respond under different pressures.

A character choice arises out of the script’s logic and the character’s needs or worldview. An actor choice often stems from the performer’s desire to be “interesting” or “bold” (e.g., an added flourish to impress casting).

Practical Note: Always ask: “Is this the character’s choice, or am I (the actor) forcing something to stand out?” Keep it authentic to the story.

Divided here into two primary types:

1. Focused Concentration – Directing your mental resources on one object or task, often to the exclusion of everything else.
2. Open or Diffuse Concentration – Expanding your awareness outward to take in everything (scene partner, environment, sensations) without getting trapped on a single point.

Practical Note: Actors benefit from practicing both. Open concentration helps you stay flexible and reactive to new impulses, while focused concentration lets you zero in on critical details.

Something the audience infers from visual and auditory cues. It is not something the actor “plays.” Setting, costumes, music, and editing supply context for the viewer’s brain to piece together.

Practical Note: Trust the environment (set design, period costumes, etc.) to do its job. You just need to be truthful. (See also “Non-Contextual Line” and “Situation/Given Circumstances.”)

Summarized as Thought, Action, Behavior, and Rhythm—the four building blocks of how we communicate meaning.

1. Thought: Electrical impulses in the brain that spawn emotions.
2. Action: What you do, physically or verbally, propelled by thought.
3. Behavior: The patterns or habits that emerge from repeated actions.
4. Rhythm: The tempo and flow of speech or movement that adds nuance.

Practical Note: Mixing these four elements in different ways can convey practically anything about a character—who they are and what they want.

A chemical response triggered by specific thoughts, actions, or events—often amplified by breathing and associative memory. Emotions are results of your thoughts; they aren’t something you “aim for.”

Practical Note: Chasing an emotion as a “result” usually backfires. Instead, find the thought or action that naturally triggers it, and let the feeling arise on its own.

Empathy is a chemical reaction: you feel someone else’s joy or pain with them, often silently.
Relating is more cognitive: “I know exactly how you feel—here’s my story!” This can pull focus back onto yourself.

Practical Note: In acting, empathy with your character or scene partner fosters genuine connection. “Relating” in a self-centered way can distract from the other person’s truth.